: Planning and controlling the movement of goods, including mode selection and routing.
: Decisions regarding inventory levels, maintenance, and supply scheduling to ensure product availability in the most cost-effective manner. business logistics supply chain management ballou pdf
: Establishing service standards that balance cost with the goal of providing superior value to customers. : Planning and controlling the movement of goods,
To achieve operational excellence, Ballou emphasizes the management of these specific activities: To achieve operational excellence
Ballou defines logistics as the part of the supply chain process that plans and controls the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and information from origin to consumption to meet customer requirements. While logistics often has a narrower focus on movement and storage, requires a broader, cross-functional approach that integrates procurement, manufacturing, and distribution across multiple firms. Key Pillars of the Ballou Framework